Revisiting the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) SCOTUS Decision 70 Years Later

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is a landmark Supreme Court case in the United States that addressed racial segregation in public schools. SCOTUS led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Court held that "separate but equal" facilities, a doctrine established by the earlier Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896, were inherently unequal and thus violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. This decision was a crucial moment in the American civil rights movement, but NOT a “shining moment” in American history.  Let me 'splain WHY.

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“Importantly, the Brown v. Board decision did not extend its scope beyond public schools. The ruling specifically addressed educational institutions and did not mandate integration across other public facilities or societal sectors.” (Quote Source)

This is true. The historic Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) did not extend BEYOND the scope of public schools.  How convenient!

This is NOT a “shining moment” in American history; particularly, with respect to historic decisions made by the Supreme Court. But it does shine a light on the lengths people who hold a position of authority will go to make sure “certain people” stay on TOP while “certain others” are kept down, have doors closed in their faces, etc. It's a "convenient “tool” to ensure that oppression, unfair discrimination, and inequality are BUILT INTO THE SYSTEM. 

The history of legal decisions made in America, from the Supreme Court, all the way down to the lesser courts is PROOF of this country's HYPOCRISY.

Image credit

Whereas the pledge of allegiance and the constitution use words to PROMOTE and PROMISE ideals like justice, liberty, and equality … the legal decisions show that WE THE PEOPLE DON'T PRACTICE WHAT WE PREACH!!

Although … to be fair ... not all Americans are hypocrites. Some of US really do believe those words in the pledge and the constitution.

But it is a very "inconvenient truth" when the ones who are hypocrites are in positions of authority and power. The Brown v Board decision is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. An extremely accurate historical record for US ALL.

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NOTE: The remarks above were my comments left at an article published via Medium.com titled: “implications of the Brown v. Board of Education decision”. I am repeating them here because they bear repeating. (Original Source)

Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America's Journey from Slavery to Segregation https://t.co/EY1bjkc2qB #history #markers and #reminders #BooksWorthReading #Project2025 wants to do away with the Dept of Education. WHY? Is it so bad that it NEEDS to be SCRAPPED? pic.twitter.com/sIwPwToVeW

— Treathyl Fox (aka cmoneyspinner) ~ #Freelancer (@cmoneyspinner) August 3, 2024

Isn't it SILLY that a country as diverse as America, even has to discuss DEI?
Even SILLIER? That a country as diverse as America even had to pass a Civil Rights Act.
The SILLLIEST? When people ACT LIKE there's no problem when the PROBLEM IS SO OBVIOUS.

— Treathyl Fox (aka cmoneyspinner) ~ #Freelancer (@cmoneyspinner) August 3, 2024

NOTE: I wonder if Musk had a problem with apartheid being forced on kids without parental consent. Of course, he'll undoubtedly use the excuse that when it happened, he was just a kid himself.

The Roman Mysteries by Caroline Lawrence is a Mystery Series Written for Children:

Do you enjoy mysteries?  Are you fascinated by the history of ancient Rome?

Do you enjoy it when history is made interesting instead of just being tested on how well you can recall dates, events, and names of people and places?

Think you might like reading a historical mystery series?
(Written for young readers but nobody has to know you’re an adult. One of my guilty pleasures is reading children's books.)

Here is a recommendation. This series has won awards. It’s called The Roman Mysteries and was written by Caroline Lawrence. Her goal for undertaking this task was to entertain children while reading and educate them about this ancient civilization. She succeeded. In fact, her books received praise from teachers and parents, as well as awards and recognition. This is not the only mystery series she has written but since it deals with life in ancient Rome which is one of my favorite topics, it is being recommended for mystery lovers who also have an interest in the Roman Empire.

Set in 1^st century A.D., Book 1 of the series is titled “The Thieves of Ostia”. The last of the series, Book 17 is “Man from Pomegranate Street”. The reading material targets ages 10 through 14 and the novels are available in various formats: hard copy, audio, digital, etc.
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Here is the complete Roman Mysteries series:

The Thieves of Ostia (1)

The Secrets Of Vesuvius (2)

The Pirates Of Pompeii (3)

The Assassins Of Rome (4)

The Dolphins Of Laurentum (5)

The Twelve Tasks Of Flavia Gemina (6)

The Enemies Of Jupiter (7)

The Gladiators From Capua (8)

The Colossus Of Rhodes (9)

The Fugitive From Corinth (10)

The Sirens Of Surrentum (11)

The Charioteer Of Delphi (12)

The Slave-Girl From Jerusalem (13)

The Beggar Of Volubilis (14)

The Scribes From Alexandria (15)

The Prophet From Ephesus (16)

The Man From Pomegranate Street (17)

The Slave-Girl From Jerusalem

This exciting adventure recreates the siege at Masada.

Caroline Lawrence has also written other historical mysteries. View Her Author's Page.

Source:  Webnuggetz.com

NOTE: Content previously published elsewhere on the web, however, the site shut down. 

Do You Like the Idea of Studying Abroad?

There is a quote that goes: “If you think education is expensive, try ignorance.”

I don't think education is expensive. I think it's priceless!

And you can' quote me on that.

I love the idea of education. I love the idea of formal education. I love the idea of higher education. If you had told me that I could attend school abroad in another country and pursue my education, I would have jumped at the chance. Alas! That chance was not afforded me.

But many others were given the opportunity and they embraced it. Those people are by our standards “successful” and well known. People like:

• Freddie Mercury (1946–1991) ~ (“Queen” lead singer, songwriter, and musician)
• Kerry Washington (1977 - ) ~ (actress aka “Olivia Pope”)
• Bill Murray (1950 - ) ~ (actor and comedian, “Saturday Night Live”, “Ghostbusters”)

There are lots more. If you're curious to know who they are you'll find quick summaries – names, some photographs, where they were born, and where they studied.

People Who Studied Abroad | Tumblr

Successful People Who Studied Abroad 

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I know the times are perilous with terrorist attacks and the dangers posed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. But if you had the opportunity, would you like to study abroad.

6 Ways to Study Abroad for Free or Cheap | Go Overseas

Where Can You Study Abroad for Free? | Top Universities

Alfa Beta @AlfaBetaIndia

Alfa Beta is one of the leading education consultants worldwide and is a pioneer in the field of abroad education. Contact us @ info@alfabetaedu.in or @ +91 9873765556 Visit us @ alfabetaedu.in#AlfaBeta #studyabroad #StayHomeStaySafe #CAREERTIPS #education #career

March 31st 2020

1 Retweet

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North and South Korea ~ Will It Ever Be Just Plain Old Korea?

Why it looks like reunification of North and South Korea will always be a pleasant fiction.

I am an America and these are my thoughts and observations from a distance. It's not meant to be offensive or insulting It's an opinion based on all of the Korean dramas I have watched about reuniting North and South Korea. But based on my limited understanding of world history and world politics, I would say that reunification is just a wish, and the Doggaebi will not grant this wish no matter how good you are.

Please. This just my opinion. I think the biggest reason why North and South Korea will never be united is because the political leaders in North Korea would have to admit THEY WERE WRONG. They chose the wrong side during war and even though the name of the country is The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the nation is neither a democracy or a republic.

Democracy is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state. (Wikipedia)

A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica, is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy. Representation in a republic may or may not be freely elected by the general citizenry. (Wikipedia)

From my distance, it looks like even the name of the country is a lie?

The “D” should stand for dictatorship

The “R” should stand for royal bloodline.

(Just because you don't call yourself doesn't you're not a king.)

The “P” doesn't even belong! (O.o)

Why not name the country “Kim's Playground”. That's what the “P” should stand for. The current leader loves to play with nukes and invite naughty children to play with him, like Russia.

Think about this. During the COVID pandemic, Kim Jong Un had disappeared from the scene for a little while. During that time was there any discussion about electing a new leader? NO!! Instead, some were speculating whether or not his sister should or might take over. Sister or brother? No matter. It's still the Kim family line. At any rate, he showed up again so all that talk went down the drain.

Anyway! The real reason WHY North and South Korea will never reunite is because … CHINA WON'T LET THEM!! Nothing has changed. Just like the Joseon kings who submitted to the Chinese emperors, the North Korean leader is under the thumb of the Chinese leader. He doesn't make any major decisions without Cihna's approval.

All that being said, there are lots of Korean dramas with a storyline that involve North and South Korea. Some are based on historical facts, but the ones depicting reunification are unrealistic but very imaginative. (My opinion.)

1. Commitment (2013)

2. Curtain Call (2022)

3. Doctor Stranger (2014)

4. Escape From Mogadishu (2021)

5. Hunt (2022)

6. Korean Peninsula (2012)

7. My Military Valentine (2024)

8. Operation Chromite (2016)

9. Secretly, Greatly (2013)

10. Snowdrop (2021)

11. Steel Rain (2017) and Steel Rain 2: Summit (2020)

12. Swing Kids (2018)

13. The Berlin File (2013)

14. The Spy Gone North (2018)

15. Yaksha: Ruthless Operations (2022)

LINKS OF INTEREST:

JOY ELLEN YOON — Bridging the Cultural and Linguistic Divide: North vs. South Korea https://www.joyellenyoon.com/blog/2020/5/13/bridging-the-cultural-and-linguistic-divide-north-vs-south-korea

North Korean teens punished for watching South Korean dramas in rare footage, research group claims | CNN https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/24/asia/north-korea-teens-punished-kdrama-intl-hnk/index.html

8 Korean Dramas About North and South Korea | Dramakicks https://dramakicks.com/8-korean-dramas-about-north-and-south-korea/

10 South Korean Dramas That Feature North Korea | Cinema Escapist https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2018/02/10-south-korean-dramas-feature-north-korea/

Korean Dramas About North And South Korea https://www.cosmo.ph/entertainment/k-dramas-north-south-korea-a989-20190420-lfrm

Netflix: 5 K-Shows That Cast a Spotlight on North Korea | Tatler Asia https://www.tatlerasia.com/lifestyle/entertainment/netflix-north-korea-kdramas-money-heist-korea-cloy-hyun-bin-son-ye-jin-operation-chromite-steel-rain

 

Questions and Answers About Classic Literature

I have a Tumblr blog. (I have several in fact.) But I don't get much feedback and interaction from my followers other than reblogs and likes, for which I am grateful. I'm not complaining.  However, every once in awhile I come across a really cool Q & A post and have to pluck it from the Tumblr stream to share with the general public. I love questions and answers and I love literature.  This post was reblogged from another blog so I have to mention both blogs to give proper credit. 

• 'tis the fairy (aka somberlily)  reblogged a post from Quelle Surprise(aka chandlers-scrunchie) 

Post title: Classic Novel Themed Asks
The blogger (a teenager named Kate) asks a series of questions (bold print) and my responses follow. I'll give her the link to this post so that she can have my answers. She may be working on a school assignment. IDK.  The post seems to have been reblogged many times.

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Of Mice and Men - What drives/motivates you?

• The title of the book makes me think that men can be such rats!  I am motivated to rise above the silly rat race.

The Phantom of the Opera - What song currently defines your life?

• The theme song. But only if Sarah Brightman sings it.  What can I say?  I'm a huge fan of the lady and listening to her sing defines my life.

1984 - Spill a secret about yourself.

• The secret is I got no secrets.  I would have to make one up but I don't have the energy to do it.

Pride and Prejudice - Got a crush?

• No. But I like the way the story ended and I liked the Bollywood version/remake, "Bride and Prejudice".

The Scarlet Letter - What’s your favorite word and what does that word mean?

• Scarlet. It means red.  Red is my favorite color and you must admit that if you mark somebody with it you can't help but see them!

To Kill a Mockingbird - What’s the last text message you sent and the last song you listened to?

• I don't get text messages.  I don't have a mobile phone and I don't text people.  Whatever!  I'm an old lady.  I won't apologize because part of the tech world left me behind.  The last song I listened to was a love song in a Korean drama. I don't know the name of the song. The series was “Arang and the Magistrate”.  I love the South Korean actor Lee Joon-gi. I like his eyes. They're piercing. 

Wuthering Heights - Define your personal aesthetic.

• Those gloomy moors.

"The Moors - Moors play an important part in establishing the mood of the novel. ..." (REF: Wuthering Heights Symbolism: An Analysis of Symbolism in Wuthering Heights | brighthubeducation.com)

Fahrenheit 451 - What’s your favorite book?

• "Shannah". It's a historical romance by the late Kathleen Woodiwiss.

Moby Dick - What’s your most important goal in life?

• Die and go to heaven. “For what does it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul.”

Jane Eyre - What’s a fictional character that you believe you are most like/you relate to most?

• Annette Funicello (1942 - 2013). All the goodie two shoes girly characters she played in those beach movies with Frankie Avalon. LOL. Plus she was the most memorable Mouseketeer from the original Mickey Mouse Club. I imagined myself being in that club.
• Shirley Temple (1928 - 2014).  Especially for her role as "The Little Princess".  I totally related.

(NOTE:  A little entertainment trivia.  Even though I admired Ms. Temple as an actress very much, I am glad she did NOT get the role as Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz".  Nobody could sing "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" like Judy Garland sang that song.)

The Catcher in the Rye - What does your name (first and/or middle) mean?

• I don't know the meaning of my first or middle name. Tried to research but can't find them anywhere. My names are not in any language!

The Lord of the Flies - What’s your friend group like?

• They're saints. No. For real. They're saints.

The Picture of Dorian Grey - Post a photo of yourself posing like your icon.

• You don't want to see me, like an icon or otherwise. I won't even take a picture for the church directory. 

Les Miserables - What do you do when you’re sad?

• Official oppression makes me sad. Evil people in the government are far worse than gangsters. They have a get out of jail free card and they're always playing it.  They believe they will never be punished for their sins; so they do whatever they want to do to anybody.  What do I do?  I PRAY.  "Deliver us from evil."

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - What is one place that you’ve always wanted to go?

• A beautiful tropical island like Polynesia. Inspired by watching the movie South Pacific.

Emma - What was your first kiss like?

• It was disappointing. I thought I liked the guy but I didn't. His kiss was sloppy and I was inexperienced. It took me a long time to decide to kiss another guy. When I finally did, the second kiss was much better.

The Great Gatsby - Describe the most recent dream you can remember having.

In my most recent dream, 3 of my sons called me and said they needed me to come and pick them up right away. They were in trouble.  I set out to go and get them. Like an idiot, I realized that I was walking. I turned around to go back and get the car. My husband says he's going with me because he doesn't trust me. He thinks I just want to get out of the house.  Meaning that he doesn't believe that I'm going to get my sons … uuhh … HIS sons which are also my sons. He says he's coming with me. I'm like “I don't care! Let's go get them.” 

We get to the place, at the back of a building, and some other people try to get in our car. We drive away quickly to the front of the building and we see our sons. We look behind and see some people. Chasing us? Chasing them (our sons)? We don't know. We yell to our sons: “GET IN THE CAR!” One of my sons managed to jump in but the other two are still trying to catch us in a moving vehicle so they can jump in too. I say to my husband “We can't leave them!” My son, who is already in the car says “But what about me?”  (It's something he used to always say when he was ca hild.)  I'm like (my blood boiling at this point): “You're already in the car!”  

We stop the car for a moment. There is some other guy with his face to the wall, he turns around, slumps to the ground and starts crying. My husband says “What about him?” I'm like “HE AIN'T MY SON! His momma need to come and get him!” I turn and yell to my two boys who finally caught up to us, “GET IN THE CAR!” They jump in! They're in sideways like laying on top of the back seat. I don't care. I got all of them! I drive off and then … I wake up! I'm out of breath. I'm annoyed. I feel like I haven't any sleep at all!! I hate dreams like that. LOL.

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Alexander the Great - Boogie Man or Immortal?

The records of history indicate that is what Alexander the Great said when others informed him about his father’s conquests.

“My father will get ahead of me in everything, and will leave nothing great for me to do.” 

Statue of Alexander the Great in Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia

Clearly, Alexander the Great was no prophet. However, he is known in Western history as a remarkable military leader. In India’s history, children are told he’s the “boogie man”. - Alexander was born on 21st July 356 B.C. - Although his name is not specifically mentioned in the Bible, many biblical scholars believe that he is the “mighty king” referred to in the book of Daniel the Prophet (Chapter 11). - The meaning of the name Alexander is: “man’s defender, warrior”. The name suited him. Almost everyone knows about this “hero” who set out to conquer and Hellenize the entire world. * Do you have an opinion about him? You can find mine at the link supplied below.

• Alexander the Great: God-King or Mere Mortal?

If you don’t have any thoughts regarding the actual historical person, care to share what you thought about the 2004 movie which starred Colin Farrell, Angelina Jolie and Val Kilmer. Here’s a link to a review by Rebecca Murray, writer for About.com.

• "Alexander" Movie Review: Oliver Stone's Long Anticipated Alexander the Great Epic - movies.about.com

Her opinion as expressed in the article, summarily stated? She gave it a Grade C+. Which means: Eh! She didn’t think it was all that! Me? I thought it sucked! Bad plot. Bad acting. But that’s just me.

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#1 Best Seller in Historical Greece Biographies

Alexander the Great by Philip Freeman

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A Few of My Favorite Things ... (such as Korean historical period dramas)

I believe you never stop learning. In fact, learning is one of my favorite things.  If I can combine my continuing education with enjoyable entertainment?  Even better!  I like to dabble in Asian studies, and watching Korean historical period dramas has become another one of my favorite things.  K-dramas are not only a form of entertainment and relaxation but a way to learn about the history of Korea AND pick up a few words and phrases to learn how to speak a little Korean.

Did not have either of those learning goals in mind when I signed into my Flickr account. I was just searching for some free images for my websites and blogs.  But one can often find “treasure” in unexpected places.

Upon logging in to Flickr one day, I was greeted with this message.

Bangawoyo, treathylfox!
Now you know how to greet people in Korean!

I yawned ( ) and thought to myself: “Oh that's just not gonna work!”


So I looked up how to translate: “coffee with milk”.

© Photographer: Mintymilk | Agency: Dreamstime.com


When I watch Korean dramas, I often write a review or recommendation.  You can find my content all over the web.

• Check out My Sageuk Addiction on Medium.com
• Check out my K-drama articles on Read.Cash
• Check out my Korean drama blog posts at My Entertainment Blog

Watch Asian Dramas ~ Free Online Streaming

Bio-Facts About Alexander Graham Bell, The Inventor of the Telephone

Did you know Alexander Graham Bell created his first successful invention at the age of 12?

Did you also know that during his formative years, "Aleck" was home-schooled by his mother?  His family home was in Scotland.

A few quick bio-facts extracted from a very interesting article about one of our favorite famous inventor.  

Learn more at Owlcation ~ Great Inventors.

Portrait of Alexander Graham Bell (1847 - 1922), inventor of the telephone.

Source: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

Related articles

Women in Education: Edith Hamilton

Shining a spotlight on Edith Hamilton, honorary citizen of Athens, Greece, classical scholar and American educator.  Link to my Medium Publication Express Yourself! 

Women in Education: Edith Hamilton

Women in Education Who Promote Human Rights: Jovita Idar

Spotlight on activist, journalist & teacher - Jovita Idár. She had a huge impact on early movements for the civil rights of Mexican-Americans in the United States and took action to ensure that Mexican-American students had access to educational opportunities.

Image credit: Twitter

That's an incredible thought.  Because my mother was not educated.  But she strove hard to try to get all of her children educated.  My oldest brother once remarked that if our mother had been educated she would have been unstoppable!

I understood what my brother meant.  However, my observation of my mother is very different from my brother's.  My mother may have not been formally educated, but she was very wise.  Her advice and guidance for life to all of us was profound and enlightening.  She wasn't educated but she sure wasn't ignorant!  

I think to make sure this quote is properly applied we need to clearly define what it truly means to be educated.  What do you think?

Original Source

Women in Education Who Promote Human Rights: Malala Yousafzai.

Nobody can write about honoring women in history, praising their strength, endurance, and determination, without mentioning this young lady, Malala Yousafzai.  All she wanted was an education and spoke out publicly about that.  Some people thought she should be silenced for that.  Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist and the youngest-ever recipient of a Nobel Peace Prize. The cowardly and failed attempt to assassinate her pushed her onto the world stage and into a shining spotlight that shows no signs of dimming.  A noble child who lived and grew up to become a noble woman.

* “Malala: My Story of Standing Up for Girls' Rights” by Malala Yousafzai

Malala Fund is working for a world where every girl can learn and lead.

Original Source

How Did Clouds Get Their Names?

DID YOU KNOW:. Luke Howard was a pharmacist by profession.  But this “young amateur meteorologist named and classified the clouds in 1803”.   He first identified 3 types of clouds ~ Cirrus, Cumulus, and Stratus ~ and then further used intermediate and compound names to identify more types of clouds.

This short video explains how the expression “Cloud 9” (Cumulonimbus) came to mean being on top of the world.  How did clouds get their names?

It's a most enjoyable and educational video.

I now have an even greater appreciation for that Motown song “Cloud9” performed by the legendary group The Temptations; and I love Charlie Brown even more. ☺❤

Clouds are a great topic to study with kids.

• Weather Wiz Kids weather information for kids
• Fun Cloud Facts for Kids | Easy Science for Kids
• Cloud Facts - Facts Just for Kids

B. toys – Rain-Glow Squeeze – Light-Up Cloud Rattle for Babies 3 Months +

Ancient Origins: Scotland's Underground Labyrinth

“Ancient Origins” is a cool website dedicated to publishing information about the discovery of traces of mankind that date back as far as they go back, in the hopes that these findings might shed more light on the evolution of humanity and the truth about myths and legends.  They search all around the world.

Here is an interesting article about an underground labyrinth, an extensive network of underground tunnels, found in Scotland.

Mysterious Underground Labyrinth in Scotland May Have Originally Been a Druid Temple

Image of the labyrinth from the article.

Scotland is loaded with lots of cool stuff that can keep archaeologists and historians busy for centuries to come.  According to this write-up, the tunnels were likely "linked to " ...  Oh my!   :)

Human-Interest Story: Refugees Given Hope

Kids in the film’s cast and crew live in a remote refugee camp, Kakuma Refugee Camp in Northern Kenya. They are waiting, to be resettled in the U.S., Australia, Canada or Europe. But IF peace and security return to their countries, they would like to go back home. They are called the Lost Boys of Sudan; but the "kids from different countries — Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda — and religious backgrounds".

The camp was started in 1991. In 2011, a 19-year-old Congolese refugee named Jean Michelle Batakane had an opportunity to leave the camp and get an education. He returned to the camp and continued his education by educating others.   He was determined not only to put his new skills to use, but to give the kids living in the camp HOPE!

He used a camcorder, a laptop, and started offering courses to kids who wanted to learn film production. It's a wonderful story. Now the children who are refugees have dreams of a future.

Meet the Teenagers Who Started a Film ProductionStudio in Their Refugee Camp

A Brief Introduction to Arabic Philosophy

I'm an American so if you mention something about or ask me about Western philosophers I would probably be familiar with what or who you are talking about and might even be able to answer the question asked. However, if you ask me about Arab philosophers you will get nothing but a blank stare. That's the reaction you would have gotten before I wrote this article. Now if you ask me I might be able to engage in a short conversation with you.

I don't know why we never studied Arab philosophers in school. After all, wasn't it the Arabs who invented Algebra? They're smart people. Surely we could learn from them. Or … maybe they are just like all of the philosophers in Western civilization. They theorize and philosophize and don't really come up with any answers to anything. Maybe my teachers thought: Eh! You study one philosopher, you've studied them all. LOL.

Anyway, one of my New Year Resolutions is to try to learn new things that I have no familiarity with. I knew nothing about Arab philosophers. But now I know a little bit and I will share it with you.

Image credit

When you tackle a topic like this the best place to start your research is in a reputable and reliable encyclopedia like the Encyclopedia Brittanica. A perusal of several EB articles revealed the following eye-opening facts:

~ Islamic philosophy and Arabic philosophy, are phrases that are used interchangeably and the beginning of the philosophical movements in the Islamic world dates back to the 9th century.

~ Arabic philosophy combined the Western philosophies of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism with other ideas introduced through Islam.

~ Al-Kindī is honored as being the first Muslim philosopher. He was known as “the philosopher of the Arabs”. How did he know so much about Western philosophy? Because he was appointed by the Abbasid Caliphs to work alongside his contemporaries, and translate Greek philosophical and scientific works into Arabic.

~ An important distinction must be made between Islamic philosophy versus Islamic theology (or religion). That distinction is that … it is very similar to Western philosophy in that the philosophers sort of try to eliminate God or Divine Intervention from the picture and rely on non-religious secular human reasoning and science to explain TRUTH and the UNIVERSE.

~ In addition to Al-Kindī, others who made significant contributions to Arabic philosophy in the medieval Islamic world include: al-Farabi and Avicenna (Persia); Averroës (Andalusian Spain); and Ibn Khaldūn (Egypt).

~ Curiously, Christian and Jewish thinkers also participated in and influenced the Islamic or Arabic philosophical movements.

~ The first period from the 9th to the 12th (or 14th) century is referred to as classical or early Islamic philosophy. After that time, interest in the movement declined due to lack of supporters. However, there were and are still those who pursued a course of philosophical study to this day.

* * *
The articles in the Encyclopedia Brittanica provided a great introduction to Islamic/Arabic philosophy. 

Additionally, I would like to recommend one more article published via Encyclopedia.com which is a much easier read. Arabian Philosophy | Encyclopedia.com.


This is my stopping point.

If you know more about this topic, please share.

Original source

November is Native American Heritage Month

We have President George H. W. Bush to thank for the official recognition of the achievements and contributions of the Native Americans to the building of this great nation, the United States of America.  He approved the joint resolution to designate November as National American Indian Heritage Month.  

To show respect and honor to my fellow Americans and to celebrate Native American Heritage and to acknowledge that even though they were not initially recognized as US citizens and afforded their rights, many chose to serve this nation, I have compiled a list of my public tweets.  The tweets contain information and links that point to Native Americans, their history and their contributions.

November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month https://t.co/ulWIsZqMud How are you celebrating the heritage of the First Americans? pic.twitter.com/sa1x1rQ1lD

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

Raised a “Negro”, but my ancestry is also Native American, #Cherokee. As November is #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth in the USA, taking this opportunity to show respect to my “other people”. ~ #NativeAmericans – My Tribute https://t.co/UZTs3u9dxu pic.twitter.com/FrSMOSb1Wj

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

"The Native Americans do not know for certain what happened with Sacajawea after her return to the Lemhi River Valley. ... " ~ Sacajawea and the Lost Grave https://t.co/gV7ArulSdN November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month. pic.twitter.com/SvFUWR5CaW

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month.
Learn what happened on #ChristmasDay 1837 in Native American History in the USA: The Early Rainbow Coalition https://t.co/v2nVniNkxk #FreedomFighters #hidden #History ~ Peace on earth and goodwill to all men????? pic.twitter.com/jY2S7Z0wVt

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month.
● Please Don’t Shoot the Horses Ever Again! by Treathyl Fox @Medium https://t.co/XSA4OtKYSf #NativeAmericans #americanhistory #USmilitaryhistory pic.twitter.com/T09ONC9Obd

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month in the USA.
How #CrazyHorse Treated Refugees : Wisdom from a Native American warrior. Applicable to the refugee crisis facing Western nations today? https://t.co/mj4Xa0ebfW #NativeAmericans #hidden #history #Americanhistory pic.twitter.com/856wsff05e

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 14, 2019

November is #NativeAmericanHeritage Month in the USA.
10 Native American Inventions Commonly Used Today https://t.co/aiorZVoEZm via @flipboard #FirstPeoples #IndigenousPeoples pic.twitter.com/WVXHyOZKre

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 15, 2019

Recognizing and Honoring Native Americans of the USA https://t.co/ldhSdP1IFK via @virilycom #NativeAmericanHeritage #NativeAmericanHistory #NativeAmericans #Americanhistory

— Treathyl Fox (@cmoneyspinner) November 15, 2019

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Related Posts:
November is Native American Heritage Month (Part 2)
November is Native American Heritage Month (Part 1)

"American Indians and Alaska Natives serve in the Armed Forces at five times the national average and have served with distinction in every major conflict for over 200 years."  (Source)  ~ Remember to honor them when you celebrate Veterans Day on November 11th.